The mechanical behaviour of skin (plasticity, elasticity and viscoelasticity) is very important for its barrier function and cosmetic appearance. The application of cosmetic products improves biomechanical properties of the skin through different mechanisms mainly by increasing its hydration and by boosting structural components, such as hyaluronic acid, collagen and elastin fibers. In vitro preclinical tests take advantage of innovative tools allowing to quantify gene and protein expression by molecular (real-time PCR, ELISA) or imaging (immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence) assays, as well as skin barrier integrity (TEER), in keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts cell cultures, reconstructed human skin tissues or ex vivo skin.
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